Groundwater monitoring projects: groundwater level monitoring, water quality monitoring, water temperature monitoring, isotope monitoring, biological monitoring, chemical composition monitoring, risk assessment.
1. Monitoring of groundwater level
Groundwater table is one of the important indicators for groundwater resource management. By monitoring changes in groundwater levels, we can understand the recharge, evaporation and flow of groundwater. Groundwater level monitoring is usually carried out using equipment such as water level meters and automatic water level monitoring stations.
2. Monitoring of groundwater quality
Groundwater quality monitoring is a key link in assessing the safety of groundwater resources. Monitoring items include pH value, dissolved oxygen, hardness, heavy metals, organic pollutants, etc. By regularly collecting groundwater samples and conducting laboratory analysis, water quality problems can be discovered in a timely manner and corresponding measures can be taken.
3. Monitoring of groundwater flow
Groundwater flow monitoring helps understand groundwater recharge and discharge. Flow monitoring is usually carried out by means of flow meters, flow meters and other equipment. By monitoring changes in groundwater flow, it can provide basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources.
4. Groundwater temperature monitoring
Groundwater temperature monitoring can reflect the thermal status and heat exchange status of groundwater. Groundwater temperature monitoring is of great significance for geothermal resource development and groundwater heat pump system design. Groundwater temperature monitoring is usually carried out using thermometers, temperature sensors and other equipment.
5. Groundwater isotope monitoring
Groundwater isotope monitoring is an important means to study the age, source and flow path of groundwater. Commonly used isotope monitoring items include hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, etc. Through isotope analysis, we can have a deeper understanding of the circulation process and recharge mechanism of groundwater.
6. Groundwater biological monitoring
Groundwater biological monitoring mainly focuses on biological indicators such as microorganisms, algae, and insects in groundwater. Biomonitoring helps assess the ecological health and pollution levels of groundwater. Biological monitoring of groundwater is usually carried out using equipment such as microscopes and biological counters.
7. Monitoring of groundwater chemical composition
Groundwater chemical composition monitoring includes the determination of various ions, minerals, gases and other chemical compositions in groundwater. The changes of these chemical compositions can reflect the processes of groundwater dissolution, precipitation, oxidation and reduction. Chemical composition monitoring is of great significance to the protection and development of groundwater resources.
VIII. Groundwater risk assessment
Groundwater risk assessment is the process of identifying, analyzing and evaluating potential risks of groundwater resources. Risk assessments usually include groundwater pollution risks, groundwater table decline risks, groundwater resource depletion risks, etc. Through risk assessment, decision support can be provided for the protection and management of groundwater resources.
Purpose of groundwater monitoring
The purpose of groundwater monitoring is to ensure the effective protection and sustainable use of the quality and quantity of groundwater resources, while preventing and promptly discovering possible pollution problems. Through regular monitoring of groundwater, it is possible to assess whether water quality meets drinking water standards, track changes in groundwater levels, prevent ecological and environmental problems caused by over-exploitation, and monitor and evaluate the impact of human activities on the groundwater system. Groundwater monitoring also helps early warning and response to natural disasters such as droughts and floods, provides scientific basis for water resource management decisions, and ensures public health security and ecological environment health.
