The principle of smart sewage treatment systems involves a variety of technologies and processes, and its basic principles can be briefly described as follows:

Sewage collection and transportation: Sewage is first collected and transported to a treatment plant or treatment site. This is usually done through pipe networks, including facilities such as sewage pipes and pumping stations.

Pre-treatment: Before entering the main treatment unit, sewage usually needs to go through a pretreatment stage, including the removal of large substances, solid particles and sediments. This can be done through equipment such as grids, sedimentation tanks and coarse filters.

Main treatment: The main treatment includes physical, chemical and biological treatment processes to remove organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in sewage.

The main treatment methods include:

Physical treatments: such as precipitation, filtration and membrane separation, etc., used to remove suspended solids and solid particles.

Chemical treatment: such as coagulation, flocculation and oxidation, etc., used to remove organic matter and heavy metals in sewage.

Biological treatment: Through the metabolism of microorganisms, organic matter is converted into stable and harmless substances, such as biological filters, activated sludge processes, biofilm reactors, etc.

Post-treatment: After main treatment, sewage may need further treatment to meet emission standards or achieve resource utilization. Post-treatment includes steps such as disinfection, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and water quality adjustment.

Monitoring and management: Smart sewage treatment systems are usually equipped with various sensors, monitoring equipment and automated control systems, which are used to monitor various parameters of the treatment process in real time, and adjust and control as needed to ensure the treatment effect and stable operation of the equipment.

In general, smart sewage treatment systems achieve efficient treatment and management of sewage by combining advanced technology and automated control methods to ensure sustainable development of environmental protection and resource utilization.